![]() ![]() Since the chromophore in all these proteins is biliverdin, a natural product of heme catabolism in mammalian cells, they can be used as genetically encoded fluorescent probes, similarly to GFP-like fluorescent proteins. Recently, probes that absorb and fluoresce in the NIR optical range have been engineered using bacterial phytochromes–natural NIR light-absorbing photoreceptors that regulate metabolism in bacteria. High transparency, low light-scattering, and low autofluorescence of mammalian tissues in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range (~650–900 nm) open a possibility for in vivo imaging of biological processes at the micro-and macroscales to address basic and applied problems in biology and biomedicine.
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